Protocol is important because it tells how the network functions and its ability to communicate with other networks.
You must be familiar with these 3 common protocols used in networking.
1. NetBEUI
- NetBEUI is a common protocol available on all Windows machine that can be used “only” within an internetwork. Meaning it “cannot” be passed by a router (I’ll discuss more about the router on Networking Device topic)
2. Internet Protocol (IP)
- Internet Protocol is a connectionless protocol that defines the addressing system that connects all devices to the internet. “Connectionless” means it’s not a reliable protocol, but it routes data packets faster.
3. Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- TCP/IP is a standard protocol to connect LAN, WAN, and Internet. It is a combination of a “connection-oriented” (meaning reliable, but slower) protocol, TCP, and a “connectionless” (meaning unreliable, but faster) protocol, IP.
The OSI Layer Protocols
A. The Application Layer Protocols
---- SMTP (Simple Message Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used to send and receive e-mail.
---- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) / TFTP (Trivial FTP) is a protocol used to send and receive files between an FTP server and a client computer.
---- HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is a protocol that allows the client host to send a request to the web server application program and from the web server application program to send backs a response.
---- Telnet comes from the word “Telephone Network” allows a user on a remote site to access the resources of another machine or computer.
---- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a protocol that gathers data by polling the devices on the network from a management station at fixed or random intervals.
B. The Session Layer Protocols
---- NFS (Network File System) is a protocol that allows two different types of file systems to interoperate.
---- SQL (Structured Query Language)
---- RPC (Remote Procedure Call)
---- X-Window defines a protocol for writing client/server application based on a graphical user interface (GUI).
---- ASP (Apple Talk Session Protocol)
---- DNA SCP (Digital network Architecture Session Control Protocol)
C. The Transport Layer Protocol
---- UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a thin protocol which is considered as an “unreliable protocol”. It uses a connectionless transmission for faster transfer of data.
---- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a full-duplex, connection-oriented, reliable and accurate protocol.
---- SPX (Sequenced Package Exchange)
---- NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface)
D. The Network Layer Protocols
---- ICMP (Internet Control Protocol) is a management protocol and messaging service provider for IP.
---- ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) translates the IP address into a hardware address.
---- RARP (Reverse ARP) translates the hardware address into an IP address.
---- RIP (Routing Information Protocol) uses a hop count and sends routing table every 30 seconds.
---- IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a Cisco-proprietary routing protocol that has a maximum hop count of 255 and gives a full route table update every 90 seconds.
EIGRP (Enhanced IGRP) is a “hybrid routing protocol” that includes the subnet mask in its route updates and has a maximum hop count of 255.
---- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First). If you have multiple routers and not all of them are Cisco, you can’t use EIGRP. Your best option is OSPF.
E. The Data Link Layer Protocols
---- HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) for WAN (Wide Area Network) connections
---- LLC (Logical Link Control) for flow control
No comments:
Post a Comment